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\u60a8\u5e94\u81ea\u884c\u59a5\u5584\u4fdd\u7ba1\u60a8\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u8d26\u6237\u56e0\u60a8\u6cc4\u9732\u6216\u906d\u53d7\u4ed6\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u3001\u8bc8\u9a97\u7b49\u884c\u4e3a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u635f\u5931\u53ca\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u5e76\u4e0d\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u60a8\u5e94\u901a\u8fc7\u53f8\u6cd5\u3001\u884c\u653f\u7b49\u6551\u6d4e\u9014\u5f84\u5411\u4fb5\u6743\u884c\u4e3a\u4eba\u8ffd\u507f\u3002\u5982\u53d1\u73b0\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u4f7f\u7528\u60a8\u8d26\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u60a8\u8d26\u6237\u906d\u7a83\u3001\u9057\u5931\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u60a8\u7acb\u5373\u901a\u77e5\u9886\u7269\u3002\u60a8\u7406\u89e3\u9886\u7269\u5bf9\u60a8\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u5747\u9700\u8981\u5408\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u5bf9\u5728\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u60a8\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u635f\u5931\uff09\u4e0d\u627f\u62c5\u4efb\u4f55\u8d23\u4efb\uff1b\u4e14\u9886\u7269\u5e94\u60a8\u8bf7\u6c42\u800c\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u6216\u963b\u6b62\u4fb5\u5bb3\u540e\u679c\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u6216\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u9664\u9886\u7269\u5b58\u5728\u6cd5\u5b9a\u8fc7\u9519\u5916\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u4e0d\u627f\u62c5\u4efb\u4f55\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<br>3.6 \u60a8\u5e94\u5bf9\u60a8\u8d26\u6237\u9879\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c\u4e3a\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u5728\u7ebf\u7b7e\u7f72\u5404\u7c7b\u534f\u8bae\u3001\u7f51\u4e0a\u70b9\u51fb\u540c\u610f\/\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u5404\u7c7b\u89c4\u5219\u534f\u8bae\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u62ab\u9732\u3001\u56fe\u7247\u4e0a\u4f20\u3001\u5728\u7ebf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u53d1\u5e03\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u8d2d\u4e70\u6216\u59d4\u6258\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8d2d\u4e70\u5546\u54c1\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u7b49\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002<br>3.7 \u60a8\u5728\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5546\u54c1\u6216\u4ea4\u6613\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u7531\u60a8\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7406\u91c7\u8d2d\u5546\u53e6\u884c\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u300a\u59d4\u6258\u4ee3\u7406\u534f\u8bae\u300b\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u6d89\u53ca\u5546\u54c1\u6216\u4ea4\u6613\u7b49\u670d\u52a1\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u9886\u7269\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\u5c55\u793a\u53ca\u4ea4\u6613\u64ae\u5408\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ecb\u5165\u60a8\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u60a8\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u7ea0\u7eb7\uff0c\u7531\u60a8\u81ea\u884c\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u6cd5\u9014\u5f84\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<br>3.8 \u6ce8\u9500<br>3.8.1 \u5728\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u7ec8\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u7167\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u548c\u9875\u9762\u63d0\u793a\u7533\u8bf7\u6ce8\u9500\u60a8\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u8d26\u6237\uff0c\u8bf7\u60a8\u77e5\u6089\u5e76\u540c\u610f\uff1a<br>\uff081\uff09\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u52a9\u6216\u8005\u4eba\u5de5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7533\u8bf7\u6ce8\u9500\u8d26\u6237\u3002<br>\uff082\uff09\u60a8\u7533\u8bf7\u6ce8\u9500\u8d26\u6237\u5904\u4e8e\u6b63\u5e38\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5373\u60a8\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u6700\u65b0\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u3001\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u8d26\u6237\u672a\u88ab\u91c7\u53d6\u6b62\u4ed8\u3001\u6709\u6743\u673a\u5173\u51bb\u7ed3\u7b49\u9650\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<br>\uff083\uff09\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u62a4\u60a8\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5728\u60a8\u7533\u8bf7\u6ce8\u9500\u8d26\u6237\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u98ce\u9669\u5ba1\u67e5\uff0c\u60a8\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u5e94\u5f53\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6b63\u5728\u5c65\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u672a\u4e86\u7ed3\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u6ce8\u9500\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u7ea0\u7eb7\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5982\u60a8\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u6709\u4f59\u989d\uff0c\u8bf7\u60a8\u5728\u6ce8\u9500\u524d\u5148\u5c06\u60a8\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u4e0b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6b3e\u9879\u5168\u90e8\u63d0\u73b0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u6d88\u8d39\u7b49\u9014\u5f84\u652f\u7528\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002<br>3.8.2 \u53d1\u751f\u4e0b\u5217\u60c5\u5f62\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u6743\u6ce8\u9500\u60a8\u7684\u8d26\u6237\uff1a<br>\uff081\uff09\u5982\u60a8\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\uff09\u5728\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u4f20\u8fdd\u6cd5\u8fdd\u89c4\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u4fb5\u72af\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u53ef\u80fd\u4fb5\u72af\uff09\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5408\u6cd5\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdd\u53cd\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u7ea6\u5b9a\u3001\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u89c4\u5219\u7b49\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\uff1b<br>\uff082\uff09\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u4ece\u4e8b\u4fb5\u72af\u4ed6\u4eba\u5408\u6cd5\u6743\u76ca\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4e25\u91cd\u8fdd\u6cd5\u8fdd\u7ea6\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff083\uff09\u8fde\u7eed12\u4e2a\u6708\u672a\u767b\u5f55\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff084\uff09\u60a8\u7684\u5b9e\u540d\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8eab\u4efd\u65e0\u6548\u3001\u4e0d\u518d\u5408\u6cd5\u5b58\u7eed\u6216\u65e0\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u6838\u5b9e\uff1b<br>\uff085\uff09\u60a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u9886\u7269\u8d26\u6237\u540d\u79f0\u5b58\u5728\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6216\u4e0d\u826f\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u6216\u4fb5\u72af\u6216\u6d89\u5acc\u4fb5\u72af\u4ed6\u4eba\u5408\u6cd5\u6743\u76ca\u7684\uff1b\u60a8\u76d7\u7528\u4ed6\u4eba\u8d26\u6237\u3001\u53d1\u5e03\u8fdd\u7981\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u6b3a\u8bc8\u3001\u552e\u5047\u3001\u6270\u4e71\u5e02\u573a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3001\u91c7\u53d6\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u624b\u6bb5\u725f\u5229\u7b49\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b<br>\uff086\uff09\u60a8\u5b58\u5728\u5bf9\u5546\u54c1\u53ca\u670d\u52a1\u5b9e\u65bd\u6076\u610f\u5904\u7406\u8ba2\u5355\u3001\u6076\u610f\u7ef4\u6743\u7b49\u6270\u4e71\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u6b63\u5e38\u4ea4\u6613\u79e9\u5e8f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff087\uff09\u60a8\u5229\u7528\u672c\u5e73\u53f0\u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u6cd5\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u4e70\u5356\uff0c\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u548c\u6709\u5173\u653f\u7b56\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff088\uff09\u56e0\u60a8\u591a\u6b21\u8fdd\u53cd\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u89c4\u5219\u76f8\u5173\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e14\u60c5\u8282\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u4f9d\u636e\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u60a8\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u4e88\u4ee5\u6ce8\u9500\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff089\uff09\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u4f9d\u636e\u6709\u5173\u56fd\u5bb6\u90e8\u95e8\/\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5bf9\u60a8\u91c7\u53d6\u4e2d\u6b62\/\u7ec8\u6b62\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff0810\uff09\u6839\u636e\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u5176\u4ed6\u7ea6\u5b9a\u88ab\u6ce8\u9500\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u3002<br>\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u6839\u636e\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u6ce8\u9500\u60a8\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u7528\u8be5\u8d26\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u5982\u60a8\u56e0\u4e0a\u8ff0\u524d\u6b3e\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4e4b\u60c5\u5f62\u800c\u88ab\u6ce8\u9500\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u8d26\u6237\u4e2d\u4ecd\u6709\u4f59\u989d\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u6682\u65f6\u66ff\u60a8\u4fdd\u7ba1\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6838\u5b9e\u8eab\u4efd\u540e\u534f\u52a9\u60a8\u53d6\u56de\u3002<br>3.8.3 \u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u6ce8\u9500\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e49\u52a1\u7ec8\u6b62\uff08\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u53e6\u6709\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4e0d\u5f97\u7ec8\u6b62\u7684\u6216\u4f9d\u5176\u6027\u8d28\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ec8\u6b62\u7684\u9664\u5916\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5982\u4e0b\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<br>\uff081\uff09\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6743\u76ca\u5747\u5c06\u4f5c\u5e9f\uff1b<br>\uff082\uff09\u5982\u60a8\u5728\u6ce8\u9500\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u8fdd\u6cd5\u3001\u8fdd\u7ea6\u3001\u4fb5\u6743\u7b49\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u6b63\u5728\u5c65\u884c\u5408\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u60a8\u4ecd\u5e94\u627f\u62c5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\uff1b<br>\uff083\uff09\u4e00\u65e6\u6ce8\u9500\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8d26\u6237\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u8d26\u6237\u529f\u80fd\u7b49\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u6062\u590d\u6216\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<br>\u56db\u3001\u5e73\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u89c4\u5219<br>4.1 \u5e73\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5b9a\u4f4d<br>4.1.1 \u901a\u8fc7\u9886\u7269\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u53ca\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5e95\u677f\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e0e\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u8fbe\u6210\u4ea4\u6613\u610f\u5411\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u606f\u670d\u52a1\u53ca\u6280\u672f\u670d\u52a1\u3002<br>4.2 \u9009\u54c1\u8bbe\u8ba1<br>4.2.1 \u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u5728\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u81ea\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u53ca\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5e95\u677f\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<br>4.2.2 \u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u5546\u54c1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u5546\u54c1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u60a8\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u5546\u54c1\u89c6\u89c9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<br>4.2.3 \u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u4f20\u56fe\u7247\u7528\u4e8e\u5546\u54c1\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u60a8\u7684\u4e13\u5c5e\u56fe\u5e93\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u4e3a\u60a8\u7684\u56fe\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<br>\u60a8\u540c\u610f\u4e0d\u63d0\u4ea4\u3001\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u542b\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u6216\u6587\u5b57\uff1a<br>\uff081\uff09\u53cd\u5bf9\u5baa\u6cd5\u6240\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff082\uff09\u5371\u5bb3\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u6cc4\u9732\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d8\u5bc6\uff0c\u98a0\u8986\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u7834\u574f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u635f\u5bb3\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\u3001\u6267\u6cd5\u4eba\u5458\u6216\u9769\u547d\u9886\u8896\u8096\u50cf\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff083\uff09\u635f\u5bb3\u56fd\u5bb6\u8363\u8a89\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff084\uff09\u6b6a\u66f2\u3001\u4e11\u5316\u3001\u4eb5\u6e0e\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u82f1\u96c4\u70c8\u58eb\u4e8b\u8ff9\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fae\u8fb1\u3001\u8bfd\u8c24\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fb5\u5bb3\u82f1\u96c4\u70c8\u58eb\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u8096\u50cf\u3001\u540d\u8a89\u3001\u8363\u8a89\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff085\uff09\u5ba3\u626c\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6781\u7aef\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u8005\u717d\u52a8\u5b9e\u65bd\u6050\u6016\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u6781\u7aef\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff086\uff09\u717d\u52a8\u6c11\u65cf\u4ec7\u6068\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u7834\u574f\u6c11\u65cf\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff087\uff09\u7834\u574f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b97\u6559\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5ba3\u626c\u90aa\u6559\u548c\u5c01\u5efa\u8ff7\u4fe1\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff088\uff09\u6563\u5e03\u8c23\u8a00\uff0c\u6270\u4e71\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff089\uff09\u6563\u5e03\u6deb\u79fd\u3001\u8272\u60c5\u3001\u8d4c\u535a\u3001\u66b4\u529b\u3001\u51f6\u6740\u3001\u6050\u6016\u6216\u8005\u6559\u5506\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff0810\uff09\u4fae\u8fb1\u6216\u8005\u8bfd\u8c24\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u4fb5\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eba\u540d\u8a89\u3001\u9690\u79c1\u3001\u8096\u50cf\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u5408\u6cd5\u6743\u76ca\uff1b<br>\uff0811\uff09\u4fb5\u72af\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u8457\u4f5c\u6743\u3001\u5546\u6807\u6743\u3001\u4e13\u5229\u6743\u3001\u9690\u79c1\u6743\u6216\u8096\u50cf\u6743\uff09\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u79d8\u5bc6\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e13\u6709\u6743\u5229\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff0812\uff09\u4fb5\u5bb3\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u6743\u76ca\u3001\u6559\u5506\u72af\u7f6a\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdd\u53cd\u516c\u5e8f\u826f\u4fd7\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff0813\uff09\u6b3a\u8bc8\u3001\u865a\u5047\u3001\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u6216\u5b58\u5728\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff0814\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u6784\u6210\u6216\u52a9\u957f\u72af\u7f6a\u6216\u4fb5\u6743\uff1b<br>\uff0815\uff09\u5305\u542b\u57fa\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u6027\u522b\u3001\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u6b8b\u75be\u3001\u8840\u7edf\u6216\u56fd\u7c4d\u800c\u6b67\u89c6\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b<br>\uff0816\uff09\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u89c4\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdd\u80cc\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u6216\u516c\u5171\u9053\u5fb7\u6216\u4f9d\u636e\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u534f\u8bae\u3001\u6761\u6b3e\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5728\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u3002<br>\u5982\u60a8\u8fdd\u53cd\u60a8\u5728\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u3001\u4fdd\u8bc1\u548c\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u5728\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u6216\u4f20\u8f93\u4e86\u8fdd\u53cd\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u7ea6\u5b9a\u7684\u5b9a\u5236\u8d44\u6599\u7684\uff0c\u60a8\u5747\u5e94\u5f53\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u72ec\u7acb\u627f\u62c5\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u786e\u4fdd\u9886\u7269\u3001\u4ee3\u7406\u91c7\u8d2d\u5546\u53ca\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u514d\u8d23\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\u60a8\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u5c3d\u6700\u5927\u52aa\u529b\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u5207\u5fc5\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u914d\u5408\u9886\u7269\u3001\u4ee3\u7406\u91c7\u8d2d\u5546\u53ca\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u514d\u9664\u3001\u51cf\u8f7b\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u51fa\u5177\u6709\u5173\u9886\u7269\u3001\u4ee3\u7406\u91c7\u8d2d\u5546\u53ca\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u5df2\u5c3d\u5408\u7406\u6ce8\u610f\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u4e66\u9762\u58f0\u660e\u53ca\u8bc1\u4eba\u8bc1\u8a00\u3002<br>4.2.4 \u60a8\u786e\u8ba4\u3001\u58f0\u660e\u5e76\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff1a<br>\uff081\uff09\u60a8\u5bf9\u60a8\u4e0a\u4f20\u81f3\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4f20\u4e8e\u56fe\u5e93\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u5728\u7ebf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u7b49\uff09\u6216\u5728\u5e73\u53f0\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u3001\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff1b\u60a8\u6709\u6743\u8f6c\u6388\u6743\u60a8\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u5c06\u60a8\u4e0a\u4f20\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u5728\u7ebf\u5b8c\u6210\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u7b49\u5b9a\u5236\u8d44\u6599\u7528\u4e8e\u5546\u54c1\u5370\u5237\u3001\u52a0\u5de5\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u7b49\u3002\u9886\u7269\u3001\u4ee3\u7406\u91c7\u8d2d\u5546\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u60a8\u4e0a\u4f20\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u5728\u7ebf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4f5c\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u660e\u793a\u6216\u9ed8\u793a\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<br>\uff082\uff09\u60a8\u4e0a\u4f20\u3001\u5728\u7ebf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u7b49\u5b9a\u5236\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bb8\u53ef\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u56e0\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u52a0\u5de5\u5546\u54c1\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9a\u5236\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdd\u53cd\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6216\u4fb5\u72af\u4efb\u4f55\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u3001\u9690\u79c1\u6743\u548c\u8096\u50cf\u6743\u7b49\u3002<br>\uff083\uff09\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u6309\u7167\u8ba2\u5355\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u5546\u54c1\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u52a0\u5de5\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u60a8\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u627f\u62c5\u6839\u636e\u4efb\u4f55\u96c6\u4f53\u8c08\u5224\u534f\u8bae\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u534f\u8bae\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4f1a\u8d39\u3001\u5269\u4f59\u62a5\u916c\u3001\u6b3e\u9879\u3001\u8d39\u7528\u6216\u4f5c\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528\u8d39\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<br>\uff084\uff09\u76ee\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5c1a\u672a\u4e86\u7ed3\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3001\u7d22\u8d54\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6216\u884c\u653f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u60a8\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5b9a\u5236\u8d44\u6599\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f71\u54cd\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u4f7f\u7528\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5b9a\u5236\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002<br>\uff085\uff09\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u542b\u6216\u7eb3\u5165\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u5305\u542b\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5b57\u4f53\u3001\u526a\u8d34\u753b\u3001\u5b50\u753b\u9762\u3001\u77e2\u91cf\u56fe\u6216\u753b\u7b14\u5de5\u5177\u7b49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c06\u4efb\u4f55\u6b64\u7c7b\u56fe\u7247\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5373\u8868\u793a\u60a8\u5df2\u83b7\u5f97\u5408\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u7eb3\u5165\u60a8\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u51fa\u4e8e\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5c06\u6b64\u7c7b\u56fe\u7247\u65e0\u507f\u6388\u6743\u8bb8\u53ef\u7ed9\u60a8\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u5728\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u7ea6\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u9014\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<br>\uff086\uff09\u60a8\u5728\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u4e0b\u5355\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u60a8\u4e0a\u4f20\u81f3\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u60a8\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u7b49\u7b26\u5408\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u5173\u4e8e\u8be5\u7c7b\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1b\u5982\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u827a\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6210\u54c1\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u53ca\u672c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u91c7\u8d2d\u5546\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u4e0d\u627f\u62c5\u4efb\u4f55\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<br>4.3 \u91c7\u8d2d\u8ba2\u8d27\u53ca\u4ed8\u6b3e<br>4.3.1\u9664\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53e6\u6709\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u89c4\u5b9a\u5916\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u7ea6\u5b9a\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u4ef7\u683c\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4ea4\u6613\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u8981\u7ea6\u3002\u5728\u60a8\u4e0b\u8ba2\u5355\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u60a8\u4ed4\u7ec6\u786e\u8ba4\u6240\u8d2d\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u4ef7\u683c\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u578b\u53f7\u3001\u89c4\u683c\u3001\u5c3a\u5bf8\u53ca\u6536\u8d27\u4eba\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u6536\u8d27\u5730\u5740\u3001\u8054\u7cfb\u5730\u5740\u3001\u7535\u8bdd\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u8ba4\u60a8\u6240\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7269\u6d41\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u3002\u60a8\u5411\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u8ba2\u5355\u6536\u8d27\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u6536\u8d27\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5373\u89c6\u4e3a\u60a8\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ca\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u60a8\u5e94\u5bf9\u6536\u8d27\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ca\u610f\u601d\u8868\u793a\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u540e\u679c\u627f\u62c5\u8fde\u5e26\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<br>4.3.2\u60a8\u77e5\u6089\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u300a\u59d4\u6258\u4ee3\u7406\u534f\u8bae\u300b\uff0c\u5373\u8868\u660e\u60a8\u4e0d\u53ef\u64a4\u9500\u7684\u59d4\u6258\u4e0b\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7406\u91c7\u8d2d\u5546\u4ee3\u7406\u60a8\u5411\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u91c7\u8d2d\u6839\u636e\u60a8\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u5185\u5bb9\u53ca\u5546\u54c1\u54c1\u7c7b\u800c\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5546\u54c1\uff1a<br>4.3.3\u6839\u636e\u60a8\u4e0b\u5355\u65f6\u586b\u5199\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u6b3e\u3001\u6536\u8d27\u4eba\u3001\u8054\u7cfb\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u6536\u8d27\u5730\u5740\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u8ba2\u5355\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u60a8\u786e\u8ba4\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\u4e3a\u60a8\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u91c7\u8d2d\u5546\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u5408\u540c\u8981\u7ea6\uff1b\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4ee3\u7406\u91c7\u8d2d\u5546\u6536\u5230\u8be5\u8ba2\u5355\u4fe1\u606f\u540e\u4e14\u53d1\u51fa\u8d27\u7269\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u89c6\u4e3a\u60a8\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7406\u91c7\u8d2d\u5546\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c31\u60a8\u6240\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\u5546\u54c1\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u5408\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5728\u4e00\u4efd\u8ba2\u5355\u91cc\u8ba2\u8d2d\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5546\u54c1\u5e76\u4e14\u4ee3\u7406\u91c7\u8d2d\u5546\u53ea\u5411\u60a8\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u5546\u54c1\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7406\u91c7\u8d2d\u5546\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ec5\u5c31\u8be5\u90e8\u5206\u5546\u54c1\u6210\u7acb\u59d4\u6258\u4ee3\u7406\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<br>4.3.4\u53d7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u6709\u6743\u5bf9\u60a8\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba1\u6838\uff1b\u5982\u8ba2\u5355\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\u6216\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u5982\u5b9a\u5236\u8d44\u6599\u7b49\uff09\u8fdd\u53cd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u3001\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u53ca\u5e73\u53f0\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u6709\u6743\u53d6\u6d88\u8ba2\u5355\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u635f\u5931\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u7531\u60a8\u627f\u62c5\u3002\u5982\u60a8\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\u4e2d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4ea4\u6613\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5e73\u53f0\u89c4\u5219\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u6709\u6743\u4ec5\u53d6\u6d88\u60a8\u8ba2\u5355\u4e2d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4ea4\u6613\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<br>4.4 \u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e<br>\u60a8\u8ba4\u53ef\u9886\u7269\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u8ba2\u5355\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u4ea4\u6613\u91d1\u989d\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u5747\u4ee5\u9886\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002\u5982\u60a8\u5bf9\u8be5\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u6709\u5f02\u8bae\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u81ea\u60a8\u7684\u9886\u7269\u8d26\u6237\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u52a8\u4e4b\u65e5\u8d77\u4e09\u65e5\u5185\u5411\u9886\u7269\u63d0\u51fa\u5f02\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5173\u8bc1\u636e\u4f9b\u9886\u7269\u6838\u5b9e\u3002<br>4.5 \u5e97\u94fa\u5173\u8054\u7ba1\u7406<br>4.5.1\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u5e97\u94fa\u5173\u8054\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u66f4\u8f7b\u677e\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\u60a8\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7535\u5546\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u5e97\u94fa\uff0c\u5982\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u9879\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5219\u89c6\u4e3a\u60a8\u6388\u6743\u9886\u7269\u5173\u8054\u60a8\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7535\u5546\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u5e97\u94fa\u8d26\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u9886\u7269\u83b7\u53d6\u60a8\u5e97\u94fa\u7684\u5404\u9879\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<br>4.5.2\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea7\u54c1\u520a\u767b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c06\u5e97\u94fa\u8ba2\u5355\u5bfc\u5165\u81f3\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u60a8\u8fdb\u884c\u5e97\u94fa\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<br>\u4e94\u3001\u7269\u6d41\u53ca\u552e\u540e<br>1.5.1 \u5e73\u53f0\u4e3a\u65b9\u4fbf\u60a8\u9009\u62e9\u7269\u6d41\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e3a\u60a8\u5217\u51fa\u7269\u6d41\u627f\u8fd0\u5546\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\u8d39\u7528\u548c\u8fd0\u8f93\u53c2\u8003\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u60a8\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u6089\uff0c\u8be5\u7269\u6d41\u914d\u9001\u670d\u52a1\u5e76\u4e0d\u7531\u9886\u7269\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u65e0\u9700\u627f\u62c5\u4efb\u4f55\u8d23\u4efb\uff1b\u5e73\u53f0\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\u8d39\u7528\u548c\u8fd0\u8f93\u53c2\u8003\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u5c55\u793a\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u9886\u7269\u5bf9\u524d\u8ff0\u8d39\u7528\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u4f5c\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u627f\u8bfa\u3002<br>2.5.2 \u66f4\u591a\u7269\u6d41\u670d\u52a1\u8bf4\u660e\u8be6\u89c1\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u300a\u59d4\u6258\u4ee3\u7406\u5408\u540c\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5e73\u53f0\u4ee3\u53d1\u7269\u6d41\u8bf4\u660e\u300b\u53ca\u5e73\u53f0\u516c\u5f00\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u5404\u5bb6\u7269\u6d41\u5546\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<br>3.5.3 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\u5bf9\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u3001\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u975e\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u60a8\u540c\u610f\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u514d\u8d39\u6388\u4e88\u9886\u7269\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<br>7.3 \u60a8\u540c\u610f\u9886\u7269\u62e5\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u77ed\u4fe1\u3001\u7535\u8bdd\u3001\u516c\u544a\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u5e73\u53f0\u4fc3\u9500\u6d3b\u52a8\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u77e5\u60a8\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002<br>7.4 \u60a8\u540c\u610f\u9886\u7269\u4e3a\u914d\u5408\u884c\u653f\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u5173\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u6267\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6709\u6743\u5411\u4e0a\u8ff0\u884c\u653f\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u63d0\u4f9b\u60a8\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u65f6\u6240\u50a8\u5b58\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<br>\u516b\u3001\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303<br>8.1 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\u60a8\u5e94\u5584\u610f\u8bda\u4fe1\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5e73\u53f0\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5728\u7ebf\u5b9a\u5236\u3001\u4ea4\u6613\u7b49\u5404\u9879\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u627f\u8bfa\u5e76\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff1a<br>\uff081\uff09\u9075\u5b88\u6240\u6709\u9002\u7528\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6709\u5173\u53cd\u6d17\u94b1\u548c\u53cd\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u878d\u8d44\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\uff082\uff09\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u3001\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528\u4ea4\u6613\u670d\u52a1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u6750\u6599\u5747\u771f\u5b9e\u3001\u5408\u6cd5\u548c\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u4e14\u5e76\u975e\u865a\u5047\u7684\u3001\u5177\u6709\u6b3a\u9a97\u6027\u7684\u6216\u5177\u6709\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff083\uff09\u4e0d\u5f97\u5c06\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u7528\u4f5c\u5546\u4e1a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u5728\u672a\u7ecf\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u4e8b\u5148\u4e66\u9762\u540c\u610f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u590d\u5236\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u7b49\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8d44\u6599\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff084\uff09\u4e0d\u5f97\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u5f0f\u5220\u9664\u3001\u9690\u533f\u3001\u6539\u53d8\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u6216\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6d89\u53ca\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u4efb\u4f55\u4e13\u5229\u3001\u8457\u4f5c\u6743\u3001\u5546\u6807\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6743\u5229\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff085\uff09\u4e0d\u5f97\u5229\u7528\u5728\u672c\u5e73\u53f0\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u6cd5\u725f\u5229\u6027\u7ecf\u8425\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<br>8.3 \u4f9d\u6cd5\u7eb3\u7a0e\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u6c11\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u5e94\u5c3d\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u60a8\u5e94\u81ea\u884c\u627f\u62c5\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u9879\u4e0b\u4ea4\u6613\u6216\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7a0e\u8d39\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u589e\u503c\u7a0e\u3001\u5173\u7a0e\u7b49\uff09\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u5e9c\u6536\u8d39\u3002<br>8.4 \u5982\u60a8\u5728\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u5b9a\u5236\u91c7\u8d2d\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e3a\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5916\u51fa\u53e3\u7684\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u60a8\u627f\u8bfa\u9075\u5b88\u6240\u6709\u9002\u7528\u7684\u8fdb\u51fa\u53e3\u7ba1\u5236\u3001\u8d38\u6613\u9650\u5236\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\uff1b\u4e14\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u5730\u533a\u6216\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u9650\u5236\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u60a8\u8fdd\u53cd\u524d\u8ff0\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u53ef\u5728\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0a\u8ff0\u60c5\u5f62\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u4e3b\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u5173\u95ed\u76f8\u5173\u4ea4\u6613\u8ba2\u5355\u53ca\u4f5c\u51fa\u8d26\u6237\u6ce8\u9500\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<br>8.5 \u8fdd\u89c4\u884c\u4e3a<br>\u60a8\u4e0d\u5f97\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fdd\u89c4\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\uff1a\u6076\u610f\u5957\u53d6\u8d44\u91d1\u3001\u6279\u91cf\u6ce8\u518c\u3001\u6279\u91cf\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u6279\u91cf\u7b7e\u7ea6\u3001\u673a\u5668\u4f5c\u5f0a\u3001\u865a\u5047\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u6270\u4e71\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5b9e\u65bd\u7f51\u7edc\u653b\u51fb\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5c0f\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u624b\u673a\u53f7\u3001\u76d7\u7528\u6216\u5192\u7528\u4ed6\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\uff09\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6b63\u5e38\u91c7\u8d2d\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u8005\u635f\u5bb3\u9886\u7269\u3001\u4ee3\u7406\u91c7\u8d2d\u5546\u3001\u7269\u6d41\u4ee3\u7406\u5546\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5408\u6cd5\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7b49\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u81ea\u53d1\u73b0\u60a8\u4e0a\u8ff0\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u65e5\u8d77\u5373\u6709\u6743\u76f4\u63a5\u53d6\u6d88\u60a8\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u6682\u505c\u3001\u9650\u5236\u60a8\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u9886\u7269\u670d\u52a1\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u9886\u7269\u8d26\u6237\u6ce8\u518c\u3001\u56fe\u7247\u4e0a\u4f20\u3001\u4ea7\u54c1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u63d0\u4ea4\u8ba2\u5355\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u6709\u6743\u64a4\u9500\u76f8\u5173\u8fdd\u89c4\u4ea4\u6613\u548c\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u5c06\u8ffd\u7a76\u60a8\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<br>\u4e5d\u3001\u8d39\u7528<br>9.1 \u60a8\u4f7f\u7528\u9886\u7269\u670d\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u6709\u6743\u5411\u60a8\u6536\u53d6\u670d\u52a1\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u5df2\u5728\u76f8\u5173\u9875\u9762\u516c\u5e03\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f1a\u5458\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8d39\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u589e\u503c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8d39\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u8eab\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u670d\u52a1\u9879\u76ee\u5e76\u652f\u4ed8\u670d\u52a1\u8d39\u7528\u3002<br>9.2 \u9664\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u660e\u793a\u7684\u6536\u8d39\u4e1a\u52a1\u5916\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u5411\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u3002\u60a8\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u53d8\u5316\u53ca\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u8fd0\u8425\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u6709\u6743\u8c03\u6574\u670d\u52a1\u624b\u7eed\u8d39\u7528\u6536\u8d39\u6807\u51c6\u3002<br>9.3 \u60a8\u56e0\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u5411\u9886\u7269\u83b7\u53d6\u6709\u507f\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u63a5\u89e6\u9886\u7269\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5e94\u7eb3\u7a0e\u8d4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u5207\u786c\u4ef6\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u901a\u8baf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u5747\u7531\u60a8\u81ea\u884c\u627f\u62c5\u3002<br>\u5341\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u4e0e\u534f\u8bae\u7ec8\u6b62<br>10.1 \u60a8\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u5728\u4ee5\u7f51\u7ad9\u901a\u77e5\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u77ed\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f9d\u6cd5\u63d0\u524d\u901a\u77e5\u60a8\uff0c\u5e76\u5408\u7406\u5904\u7f6e\u540e\u7eed\u4e8b\u5b9c\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u6743\u7ec8\u6b62\u60a8\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\uff08\u6216\u5176\u4efb\u4f55\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u6216\u60a8\u5bf9\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<br>10.2 \u60a8\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u60a8\u8fdd\u53cd\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u4f9d\u636e\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u60a8\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u4e88\u4ee5\u5173\u95ed\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u60a8\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u6240\u8d2d\u4e70\u4f1a\u5458\u670d\u52a1\u671f\u9650\u672a\u5230\u671f\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u4ecd\u6709\u6743\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e0a\u8ff0\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u9000\u8fd8\u60a8\u5df2\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u3002<br>10.3 \u60a8\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u7ec8\u6b62\u540e\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u6ca1\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u4e3a\u60a8\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u8d26\u6237\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6216\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u66fe\u9605\u8bfb\u6216\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7ed9\u60a8\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u60a8\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u7ec8\u6b62\u5411\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u800c\u5bf9\u60a8\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u627f\u62c5\u4efb\u4f55\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<br>10.4 \u60a8\u6709\u6743\u5411\u9886\u7269\u8981\u6c42\u6ce8\u9500\u60a8\u7684\u8d26\u6237\uff0c\u7ecf\u9886\u7269\u5ba1\u6838\u540c\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u5c06\u6ce8\u9500\u60a8\u7684\u8d26\u6237\uff0c\u5c4a\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u4e0e\u9886\u7269\u57fa\u4e8e\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5408\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\u5373\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002<br>10.5 \u60a8\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u60a8\u4e0e\u9886\u7269\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u7ec8\u6b62\u540e\uff1a<br>\uff081\uff09\u9886\u7269\u6709\u6743\u7ee7\u7eed\u4fdd\u5b58\u60a8\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8d44\u6599\uff1b<br>\uff082\uff09\u60a8\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u671f\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u8fdd\u53cd\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u4ecd\u53ef\u4f9d\u636e\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u5411\u60a8\u4e3b\u5f20\u6743\u5229\uff1b<br>\uff083\uff09\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u7ec8\u6b62\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u60a8\u5728\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u5b58\u7eed\u671f\u95f4\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u8ba2\u5355\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u53ef\u901a\u77e5\u4ea4\u6613\u76f8\u5bf9\u65b9\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u4ea4\u6613\u76f8\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u610f\u613f\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u7ec8\u6b62\u8be5\u4ea4\u6613\u8ba2\u5355\uff1b\u5982\u4ea4\u6613\u76f8\u5bf9\u65b9\u8981\u6c42\u7ee7\u7eed\u5c65\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u60a8\u5e94\u5f53\u5c31\u8be5\u7b49\u4ea4\u6613\u8ba2\u5355\u7ee7\u7eed\u5c65\u884c\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u53ca\u4ea4\u6613\u8ba2\u5355\u7ea6\u5b9a\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u627f\u62c5\u56e0\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u635f\u5931\u6216\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8d39\u7528\u3002<br>\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u8d23\u4efb\u9650\u5236<br>11.1 \u9886\u7269\u4f9d\u7167\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u5c65\u884c\u57fa\u7840\u4fdd\u969c\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0b\u8ff0\u4e0d\u53ef\u6297\u529b\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u539f\u56e0\u5bfc\u81f4\u5408\u540c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u5c65\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u4e0d\u627f\u62c5\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8fdd\u7ea6\u8d23\u4efb\uff1a<br>\uff081\uff09\u56e0\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u3001\u7f62\u5de5\u3001\u66b4\u4e71\u3001\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u884c\u653f\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4e0d\u53ef\u6297\u529b\u56e0\u7d20\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff082\uff09\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u672a\u7ecf\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60a8\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u6216\u66f4\u6539\u60a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1b<br>\uff083\uff09\u56e0\u7535\u529b\u4f9b\u5e94\u6545\u969c\u3001\u901a\u8baf\u7f51\u7edc\u6545\u969c\u7b49\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u56e0\u7d20\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u56e0\u7d20\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff084\uff09\u56e0\u5e38\u89c4\u6216\u7d27\u6025\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ef4\u62a4\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6545\u969c\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff085\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u9ed1\u5ba2\u653b\u51fb\u3001\u7535\u4fe1\u90e8\u95e8\u6280\u672f\u8c03\u6574\u6216\u6545\u969c\u3001\u7f51\u7ad9\u5347\u7ea7\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u65b9\u9762\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u800c\u9020\u6210\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u65ad\u6216\u8005\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff1b<br>\uff086\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u8d2d\u4e70\u6216\u83b7\u53d6\u5546\u54c1\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u7b49\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u6216\u635f\u5931\uff1b<br>\uff087\uff09\u60a8\u5bf9\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u3002<br>11.2 \u9886\u7269\u6709\u6743\u5bf9\u60a8\u4e0a\u4f20\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\u5ba1\u6838\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u673a\u5668\u5ba1\u6838\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u5ba1\u6838\uff09\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u9886\u7269\u8ba4\u4e3a\u60a8\u5728\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u4f20\u6216\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u9886\u7269\u627f\u62c5\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6216\u9053\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u9886\u7269\u5168\u90e8\u6216\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u5931\u53bb\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u670d\u52a1\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5219\u9886\u7269\u53ef\u81ea\u884c\u5168\u6743\u51b3\u5b9a\u6216\u6839\u636e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u673a\u5173\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u60a8\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u6216\u4fe1\u606f\u91c7\u53d6\u9886\u7269\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5fc5\u8981\u6216\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u5bf9\u60a8\u4e0a\u4f20\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u5220\u9664\u3001\u5c4f\u853d\u6216\u65ad\u5f00\u94fe\u63a5\u3001\u51bb\u7ed3\u60a8\u8d26\u6237\u5185\u7684\u6b3e\u9879\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4ee3\u7406\u91c7\u8d2d\u5546\u3001\u7269\u6d41\u4ee3\u7406\u5546\u4e2d\u6b62\u3001\u7ec8\u6b62\u5bf9\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u5168\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u7b49\u63aa\u65bd\uff1b\u4f46\u60a8\u5e94\u5f53\u786e\u8ba4\u9886\u7269\u5e76\u65e0\u4e49\u52a1\u53bb\u5224\u65ad\u60a8\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4fb5\u6743\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u82e5\u56e0\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u5728\u635f\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eba\u5408\u6cd5\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u88ab\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8ffd\u8d23\u7684\uff0c\u60a8\u5747\u5e94\u5f53\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u72ec\u7acb\u627f\u62c5\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\uff1b\u4e14\u9886\u7269\u6709\u6743\u6839\u636e\u6743\u5229\u4eba\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u5145\u5206\u8bc1\u636e\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u6743\u5229\u8bc1\u660e\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6587\u4e66\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u5173\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u914d\u5408\u8be5\u6743\u5229\u4eba\u63d0\u4ea4\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\/\u8bc1\u660e\u6750\u6599\u3002<br>11.3 \u60a8\u5e94\u5145\u5206\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5e76\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u867d\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u5e73\u53f0\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u6216\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5546\u54c1\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u3001\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u6216\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6216\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u6216\u4fdd\u8bc1\u76f8\u5173\u4ea4\u6613\u5404\u65b9\u5c65\u884c\u5728\u300a\u59d4\u6258\u4ee3\u7406\u534f\u8bae\u300b\u9879\u4e0b\u7684\u5404\u9879\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\u60a8\u5e94\u8c28\u614e\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u5e76\u81ea\u884c\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\uff1b\u5982\u60a8\u53d1\u73b0\u5b58\u5728\u5371\u5bb3\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bf7\u60a8\u53ca\u65f6\u540c\u9886\u7269\u8fdb\u884c\u8054\u7cfb\u6216\u5411\u9886\u7269\u6295\u8bc9\u3002<br>\u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u8fdd\u7ea6\u548c\u8d54\u507f<br>12.1 \u8fdd\u7ea6\u8ba4\u5b9a<br>\u53d1\u751f\u5982\u4e0b\u60c5\u5f62\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u89c6\u4e3a\u60a8\u8fdd\u7ea6\uff1a<br>\uff081\uff09\u60a8\u8fdd\u53cd\u4efb\u4f55\u9002\u7528\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u6cd5\u89c4\uff1b<br>\uff082\uff09\u60a8\u8fdd\u53cd\u672c\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4efb\u4f55\u58f0\u660e\u548c\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff09\u6216\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u8865\u5145\u534f\u8bae\u7ea6\u5b9a\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff083\uff09\u60a8\u4fb5\u72af\u4efb\u4f55\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u9690\u79c1\u6743\u3001\u8096\u50cf\u6743\u6216\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u7b49\uff1b<br>\uff084\uff09\u60a8\u5728\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u5b9a\u5236\u8d44\u6599\u3001\u7d20\u6750\u5f15\u8d77\u4efb\u4f55\u7d22\u8d54\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u6216\u635f\u5931\uff1b<br>\uff085\uff09\u56e0\u63a5\u53d7\u60a8\u7684\u59d4\u6258\uff0c\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ee3\u7406\u91c7\u8d2d\u5546\u88ab\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7d22\u8d54\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u6216\u906d\u53d7\u635f\u5931\u7684\uff1b<br>\uff086\uff09\u4efb\u4f55\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5229\u7528\u60a8\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u6216\u6821\u9a8c\u7801\u7b49\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4fe1\u606f\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u3002<br>12.2 \u8d54\u507f\u8d23\u4efb<br>\uff081\uff09\u5982\u56e0\u60a8\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f7f\u9886\u7269\u906d\u53d7\u635f\u5931\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u9886\u7269\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u635f\u5931\u3001\u5546\u8a89\u635f\u5931\u53ca\u9886\u7269\u5bf9\u5916\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u8d54\u507f\u91d1\u3001\u548c\u89e3\u6b3e\u3001\u5f8b\u5e08\u8d39\u3001\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8d39\u7b49\u95f4\u63a5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u635f\u5931\uff09\uff0c\u60a8\u5e94\u8d54\u507f\u9886\u7269\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u635f\u5931\u3002<br>\uff082\uff09\u5982\u56e0\u60a8\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f7f\u9886\u7269\u88ab\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u4e3b\u5f20\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u9886\u7269\u53ef\u5728\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u540e\u5c31\u5168\u90e8\u635f\u5931\u5411\u60a8\u8ffd\u507f\u3002<br>\u5341\u4e09\u3001\u6709\u6548\u901a\u77e5<br>13.1 \u6709\u6548\u8054\u7cfb\u65b9\u5f0f<br>\u60a8\u5728\u6ce8\u518c\u6210\u4e3a\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u63a5\u53d7\u9886\u7269\u670d\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u5e94\u8be5\u5411\u9886\u7269\u63d0\u4f9b\u771f\u5b9e\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\u3001\u8054\u7cfb\u7535\u8bdd\u3001\u8054\u7cfb\u5730\u5740\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8054\u7cfb\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u66f4\u7684\uff0c\u60a8\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u53ca\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u6709\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u53ef\u88ab\u6709\u6548\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u60a8\u5728\u6ce8\u518c\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u7528\u6237\u65f6\u751f\u6210\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u767b\u5f55\u9886\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u63a5\u6536\u7ad9\u5185\u4fe1\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d88\u606f\u7b49\u5373\u65f6\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u60a8\u7684\u6709\u6548\u8054\u7cfb\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u9886\u7269\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e00\u79cd\u6216\u591a\u79cd\u8054\u7cfb\u65b9\u5f0f\u5411\u60a8\u9001\u8fbe\u5404\u7c7b\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u7c7b\u901a\u77e5\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u60a8\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e49\u52a1\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u6709\u5229\u6216\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u60a8\u52a1\u5fc5\u53ca\u65f6\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<br>13.2 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